FEMA's Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) grant programs provide funding opportunities for pre- and post-disaster mitigation. Together, these programs provide significant opportunities to reduce or eliminate potential losses to state, tribal and local assets through hazard mitigation planning and project grant funding. Each HMA program was authorized by separate legislative action, and as such, each program differs slightly in scope and intent.

HMA grants are provided to eligible applicants states, tribes, and territories that, in turn, provide subgrants to local governments. The applicants selects and prioritizes applications developed and submitted to them by local jurisdictions to submit to FEMA for consideration of funding. There are five sub-programs:

• Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP)
• Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) Program
• Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) Program
• Repetitive Flood Claims (RFC) Program
• Severe Repetitive Loss (SRL) Program
  

The Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) provides grants to states, local governments, and Native American tribes for long-term hazard mitigation projects after a major disaster declaration. The purpose of the program is to reduce the loss of life and property in future disasters by funding mitigation measures during the recovery phase of a natural disaster.

The Pre-Disaster Mitigation program provides funds on an annual basis for hazard mitigation planning and the implementation of mitigation projects prior to a disaster. The goal of the PDM program is to reduce overall risk to the population and structures, while at the same time, also reducing reliance on Federal funding from actual disaster declarations.

The Flood Mitigation Assistance program provides funds on an annual basis so that measures can be taken to reduce or eliminate risk of flood damage to buildings insured under the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP).

The Repetitive Flood Claims program provides funds on an annual basis to reduce the risk of flood damage to individual properties insured under the NFIP that have had one or more claim payments for flood damages. The program provides up to 100 percent federal funding for projects in communities that meet the reduced-capacity requirements.

The Severe Repetitive Loss program provides funds on an annual basis to reduce the risk of flood damage to residential structures insured under the NFIP that are qualified as severe repetitive loss structures. The program provides up to 90 percent federal funding for eligible projects.